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An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the

Wealth of Nations

by Adam Smith 1776

Table of Contents

Introduction and Plan of the Work
Book One: Of the Causes of Improvements in the Productive Powers of Labour, and of the Order according to which its Produce is naturally distributed among the different Ranks of the People

Chapter 1. Of the Division of Labour

Chapter 2. Of the Principle which gives occasion to the Division of Labour

Chapter 3. That the Division of Labour is limited by the Extent of the Market

Chapter 4. Of the Origin and Use of Money

Chapter 5. Of the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities, or of their Price in Labour, and their Price in Money

Chapter 6. Of the Component Parts of the Price of Commodities

Chapter 7. Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities

Chapter 8. Of the Wages of Labour

Chapter 9. Of the Profits of Stock

Chapter 10. Of Wages and Profit in the different Employments of Labour and Stock

Part 1. Inequalities arising from the nature of the Employments themselves

Part 2. Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe

Chapter 11. Of the Rent of Land

Part 1. Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent

Part 2. Of the Produce of Land which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent

Part 3. Of the Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of that sort of Produce which always affords Rent, and that which sometimes does and sometimes does not afford Rent

Digressions concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver during the Course of the Four last Centuries

First Period

Second Period

Third Period

Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of Gold and Silver

Grounds of the Suspicion that the Value of Silver still continues to decrease

Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price of three different Sorts of rude Produce

First Sort

Second Sort

Third Sort

Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver

Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price of Manufactures

Conclusion of the chapter

Book Two: Of the Nature, Accumulation, and Employment of Stock

Introduction

Chapter 1. Of the Division of Stock

Chapter 2. Of Money considered as a particular branch of the general Society, or of the Expense of maintaining the National Capital

Chapter 3. Of the Accumulation of Capital, of of Productive and Unproductive Labour

Chapter 4. Of Stock lent at Interest

Chapter 5. Of the different Employment of Capitals

Book Three: Of the different Progress of Opulance in different Nations

Chapter 1. Of the Natural Progress of Opulence

Chapter 2. Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the ancient State of Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire

Chapter 3. Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns, after the Fall of the Roman Empire

Chapter 4. How the Commerce of the Towns contributed to the Improvement of the Country

Book Four: Of Systems of Political Economy

Introduction

Chapter 1. Of the Principle of the Commercial, or Mercantile System

Chapter 2. Of Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of such Goods as can be produced at Home

Chapter 3. Of the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importation of Goods of almost all kinds from those Countries with which the Balance is supposed to be disadvantageous

Part 1. Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraints even upon the Principles of the Commercial System

DIGRESSION CONCERNING BANKS OF DEPOSIT, PARTICULARLY CONCERNING THAT OF AMSTERDAM

PART 2. Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary Restraints upon other Principles

CHAPTER 4. Of Drawbacks

CHAPTER 5. Of Bounties

DIGRESSION CONCERNING THE CORN TRADE AND CORN LAWS

CHAPTER VI Of Treaties of Commerce

CHAPTER VII Of Colonies

PART 1 Of the Motives for establishing new Colonies

PART 2 Causes of Prosperity of New Colonies

PART 3 Of the Advantages which Europe has derived from the Discovery of America, and from that of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope

CHAPTER VIII Conclusion of the Mercantile System

CHAPTER IX Of the Agricultural Systems, or of those Systems of Political Economy which represent the Produce of Land as either the sole or the principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth every Country

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